Our partner Enzo Life Sciences is a life sciences and biotechnology company, focusing on harnessing biological process to develop research tools, diagnostics and therapeutics, and serves as a provider of test services, including exotic tests, to the medical community. With comprehensive expertise in experimental settings, Enzo' Senior Application Scientist Dr. Hartmut Pohl provides detailed advise on how often an ELISA measurement should be repeated. Various Forms of Replicates Experimental science relies on replicate measurements and their...

The SPHERO™ Calibration Particles are versatile, stable, economical and convenient to use. These particles contain a mixture of fluorochrome which are spectrally similar to many of the fluorochromes used in flow cytometry. As a result, they are used for routine alignment, day-to-day performance verification and long term performance tracking of several channels of flow cytometers in one run. These particles are very stable since the fluorochromes are entrapped inside the particles instead of being located on the surface. They are packaged in a convenient...

Described is the Atlas Antibodies standard immunohistochemistry protocol optimized for Triple A Polyclonals and PrecisA Monoclonals. Deparaffinization Paraffin sections of 4 µm thickness are baked overnight at 50°C. Prior to immunostaining, deparaffinization and hydration are performed in xylene and graded ethanol to distilled water. During hydration, we perform 5 minutes blocking for endogenous peroxidase in 0.3% H2O2 in 95% ethanol. Antigen retrieval 1. Standard antigen retrieval method The standard an...

Tissue Sectioning, Deparaffinization, and Rehydration Section paraffin blocks into 4 micron sections with microtome and place on charged microscope slides (Fisher, ProbeOn, Cat. #22230900). Heat slides in a tissue-drying oven for 45 minutes at 60°C. Wash slides in 3 changes of xylene for 5 minutes each at room temperature. Wash slides in 3 changes of 100% alcohol for 3 minutes each at room temperature. Wash slides in 2 changes of 95% alcohol for 3 minutes each at room temperature. Wash slides in 1 change of 80% alcohol for 3 minutes at ro...

After a few intense days of meticulous tissue washes and antibody incubations my staining is finally ready. I am staring at it down the microscope. I enjoy what I see: a dark brown color exactly where I expect to see it! Am I good or what? I give myself a figurative pat on the back and an imaginary high five. Excited and proud, I call my supervisor who glares intently at it and then firmly, and rather surprisingly, asks me to re-run the staining. What went wrong? What did I miss? I must get to the bottom of this! Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a co...

Plasma membrane (PM) proteins play a critical role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Signal transduction, molecular transport and cell-cell interactions are all mediated by PM proteins. PM proteins include a variety of important proteins such as neurotransmitter receptors, G-proteins, carriers, voltage-gated ion channels, CD antigens and many drug targets. The detection, characterization, and intracellular trafficking of PM proteins are, therefore, essential for understanding of biological systems. Isolation/purification i...

The main problems currently associated with systemic gene vector administration (gene therapy) include biodistribution of gene vector throughout the body, the lack of specificity towards a pathological site (bioavailability at the target site), the necessity of a large dose to achieve high local concentration, non-specific toxicity, inactivation of vectors due to undesired interactions with components of the in vivo milieu and other side effects due to high vector doses. Magnetofection™ resolves the problems related to diffusion limited process and to re...

MBL is a leading life science company focused on providing high quality, innovative, solutions-based products for both life science research and clinical diagnostics. MBL develops, manufactures, and markets a broad portfolio of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, MHC tetramers, fluorescent and recombinant proteins and ELISA kits for research related to allergy, apoptosis, autophagy, cancer, epigenetics, immunology, and neuroscience. Western Blot: Principle and Method In Western blotting (WB), target proteins are transferred to a hydropho...

Our partner GeneTex supports researchers with a comprehensive selection of troubleshooting tips for many issues which can occur in a western blot (WB) experiment. Download also the Western Blot Troubleshhoting Guide from GeneTex as pdf. Be sure to load proper positive and negative controls to ensure that the WB procedure is performed correctly. Q1: No Signal Q2: Multiple or extra bands Q3: High background Q4: Smear patterns Q5: White bands on black blots Q6: Black dots Q7: Distorted bands Q8: Irregular white sta...

Biorbyt develops biochemicals, antibodies and immunoassays of the highest quality. For Western Blot, Biorbyt provides a wide range of matching antibodies blocking peptides. Non-Specific Binding & Blocking Peptides Non-Specific Binding On Western blots, you might sometimes see non-specific binding of an antibody to proteins other than the antigen. This shows itself as multiple bands rather than the 1 or 2 bands you expect. In general, this is more common with polyclonal antibodies, but you sometimes see it with monoclonals. To work...